Physical Building

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A physical building can be a building, a structure or part of a structure and an area built for a specific activity.

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A systemLink opens a new window to system is an organized combination of related parts within an AEC product, composed for a common purpose or function or to provide a service. A system is essentially a functionally related aggregation of products. (1) A system of a physical building is an assembly of built and/or product components that meets the requirements of the type of system. All physical components of a building belong to a system. Examples of physical building systems are frame systems, building facades, building services systems, etc. Each physical building system is linked to one of the building system types.

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All building systems have a type that defines their characteristics. System types include façade, structural, ventilation, heating, plumbing, lighting and other electrical systems.

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The origin of a component in a physical building describes the proportion of renewable, non-renewable and recycled materials, reused products and harmful substances used in the component.

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The material and product annex of a component in a physical building stores documents related to the product or material, such as performance declarations and operating and maintenance instructions.

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Each component of a built entity is always associated with a component type. The type describes the common properties of the associated components.

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(1) A built elementLink opens a new window to built element comprises all elements that are primarily part of the construction of a built facility, i.e., its structural and space separating system. The built elements are all physically existent and tangible things. The built element is a generalization of all elements that are major functional parts of the structural or space separation system of a built facility. Typical examples of built elements are (among others): built elements within a space separation systems built elements within an enclosure system (such as a facade) built elements within a fenestration system built elements within a load bearing system built elements within a foundation system built elements within an infrastructure facility.

Concept·Draft

The built elements of a physical building are building components or subassemblies that are assembled mainly on site. The category also includes some prefabricated building elements, such as precast pillars and precast walls, but the way in which these are produced can change even during construction, depending on the economic cycle and the supply situation of the precast factories.

Each built element of a physical building (e.g. wall, pillar, beam, etc.) has its own data component based on the Physical Building Element data component. The individual data component may be subject to component-specific requirements or inspection rules.

The built element inherits both the attributes of the building component (e.g. the calculated carbon footprint of the component) and the attributes of the type of building element that defines the building element (e.g. the load-bearing capacity of the building element).

Concept·Draft

Subcomponent of a building component of the physical building defines one or more subcomponents of which the building element type is composed. For example, a glulam column acting as a pillar is mono-material, so it has only one building element type component, which is wood. On the other hand, a reinforced concrete beam is composed of concrete, reinforcing steel and metal castings, in which case the beam type has at least three subcomponents.

Concept·Draft

The type of building element determines the building elements. The type defines, for example, what layers of material are in a wall of that type, or the fire resistance of a particular type of timber beam.
The type of a building element inherits the attributes of the type of a physical building component (e.g. type identifier).

Concept·Draft

The product components of a physical building project are mainly products that are purchased as complete units and installed on-site. This category also includes product elements that can be built on-site but are generally purchased as prefabricated product elements.

Each product in a physical building (e.g. door, window, valve, electrical box, etc.) has its data component based on the Building product in a physical building data component (so-called data component generalisation). Component-specific requirements or inspection rules can be set for the individual data component.

The product component inherits both the properties of the building component (e.g. the calculated carbon footprint of the component) and the product component specifying the product component.

Concept·Draft

The product part type defines product parts. Each part inherits the attributes of the product type (e.g., type identifier).

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Construction for closing a vertical or near-vertical opening in a wall or pitched roof, which will admit light and can provide ventilation. (2)

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A window type defines common properties for a set of similar windows. Common properties may relate to fire resistance, sound insulation or material, for example. Each type of window may also have individual characteristics such as size.

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A railing is a frame assembly adjacent to human circulation spaces and at some space boundaries where it is used in lieu of walls or to compliment walls. Designed to aid humans, either as an optional physical support, or to prevent injury by falling.

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A railing type defines the common characteristics of a set of similar railings or handrails. Common characteristics may be related to, for example, material. Each type of railing may also have individual characteristics, such as their length.

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A furniture defines complete furnishings such as a table, desk, chair, or cabinet, which may or may not be permanently attached to a building structure.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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A roof is the covering of the top part of a building, it protects the building against the effects of wheather.

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Lower horizontal member of a door frame weathered on the top surface.

Concept·Draft

A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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A slab is a part of the structure that normally encloses a space horizontally. The slab can form the lower support (floor) or the upper structure (ceiling slab) of any space in a building.

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An appliance is an electrical or mechanical device that supports the user's activities in a building. Examples of appliances are household appliances, laboratory equipment and hospital equipment.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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A ramp is a vertical passageway which provides a human circulation link between one floor level and another floor level at a different elevation. It may include a landing as an intermediate floor slab. A ramp normally does not include steps.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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HVAC parts include all the building services components needed for heating, ventilation, air conditioning, water supply and drainage in a building.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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In a building project, the term refers to a built element or product already on site and that is not being demolished.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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A door is a building component that is predominately used to provide controlled access for people and goods. It includes constructions with hinged, pivoted, sliding, and additionally revolving and folding operations. A door consists of a lining and one or several panels.

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A pile is a slender timber, concrete, or steel structural component, driven, jetted, or otherwise embedded on end in the ground for the purpose of supporting a load. A pile is also characterized as deep foundation, where the loads are transfered to deeper subsurface layers.

Concept·Draft

A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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A beam is a horizontal, or nearly horizontal, structural member that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. It is not required to be load bearing.

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A foundation part is a part of the foundation structure which distributes the structural loads of the building from the superstructure to the earth. Piles, caissons, footings, piers, lateral supports, and anchors are examples of foundation parts.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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A column is a vertical structural member which often is aligned with a structural grid intersection. It represents a vertical, or nearly vertical, structural member that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. It is not required to be load bearing.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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Finishing is a final covering and treatment to surfaces and their intersections.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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A stair is a vertical passageway allowing occupants to walk (step) from one floor level to another floor level at a different elevation. It may include a landing as an intermediate floor slab. A stair may also be located in an outdoor space, in which case it is used to access between two or more surfaces at different levels. A stair consists of steps, the height and length of which are adapted to the way a person walks.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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A built element or product that is to be demolished.

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A building automation part is a piece of the automation system that centrally controls the building services systems in a building. The objectives of building automation are to improve occupant comfort, efficient operation of building systems, reduce energy consumption, reduce operation and maintenance costs, increase safety, document performance, remote access/monitoring/operation, and improve the life cycle of equipment and related utilities.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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A wall represents a vertical construction that bounds or subdivides spaces. Wall are usually vertical, or nearly vertical, planar elements, often designed to bear structural loads. A wall is however not required to be load bearing.

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A type describes characteristics that are common to all occurrences of that building element or product.

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An electrical part is part of the electrical system of a building. Electrical system is a network of conductors and equipment designed to carry, distribute and convert electrical power safely from the point of delivery or generation to the various loads around the building that consume the electrical energy.